A new member, slidersmom@webtv.net, writes in response to the LexiLine "Welcome" message:
>thank you, been reading the 'oldies' and have found them fascinating.
>great forum! kathryn
We thank YOU for the positive feedback. Members like this are always welcome to the LexiLine list.
We expect no one to agree with everything written in the materials posted, but we certainly hope that people are interested and "fascinated" by our topics.
Man's history is a wonderful subject and there is still so much that we simply do not know about ancient eras. It is a perpetual treasure hunt.
Friday, July 23, 2004
Sunday, July 18, 2004
Proto Baltic Language - LexiLine Journal 295
Bob Sand has sent me some materials on Proto-Baltic and I reproduce below some of the links he provides, plus some additional ones of my choosing.
Baltic Languages as the closest living languages to Proto-Indo-European:
http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/society/A0805961.html
http://snipurl.com/7uda
Indo-Europeans in the Eastern Baltic
[The text now in brackets here is new material added in the year 2010 because the original links to the works of Ilze Loze and Raisa Denisova are no longer accessible:
According to the The History of the Baltic Countries, by Zigmantas Kiaup, Ain Mäesalu, Ago Pajur, and Gvido Straube, published in 1999 by Avita in Estonia as a European Union funded project (hereafter "HOBC")]:
The first settlers to present-day Latvia appeared in the aftermath of the receding Ice Age in the 9th millennium BCE (Paleolithic viz. Early Stone Age). One group came from the west. These were the bearers of the Madalen-Ahrensburgian Culture (e.g. this culture includes the cave painters of Lascaux). The other group came from the south. These were the bearers of the Swidrian Culture
They write that: "The first settlers in the Baltic are believed to have been the representatives of the two related Paleolithic Central European cultures, Ahrensburgian and Swidrian". (HOBC, p.17) At the time of the receding glaciers, inhabitants to the Baltic arrived from two different directions - from the West (The Magdalenian / Ahrensburgian Culture = the cave painters of Altamira, Lascaux, etc.) and from the South (The Swidrian culture). (HOBC, p.14)
The arrival of the Magdalenian culture in the Baltic coincided with the end of that culture in Western Europe. Perhaps there is a reason that French tu es "you are" is the same as Latvian tu esi "you are". There is then a significant dispute in the literature about whether these first Baltic inhabitants are then "original" at this time to the Indo-European pantheon or whether the Indo-Europeans arrived later.
The HOBC writes further that "Mesolithic graves [Middle Stone Age, 9th millennium] have yielded the remains of what is called the European race.... [so also at Zvejnieki]" (HOBC, p. 20) Except for earlier dated finds [11th - 9th millennium BC] of reindeer hunters in Lithuania and Latvia [none in Estonia], the largest Stone Age "communities" of 20-40 people in the Baltic are found "on the plain of Lubana in eastern Latvia ... [where] more than 25 Stone Age settlements have been discovered." (HOBC, p. 15)
Raisa Denisova in her online article The Most Ancient Population of Latvia discusses the whole North and Central European region in prehistoric times. It is interesting to see from this article that the most ancient human skulls found thus far in the Baltic are dated to 6300 BC and have also been found only in Latvia - not in Lithuania - in spite of erroneous contrary interpretations about ancient Baltic population centers by the uninformed mainstream linguists. These finds were made at the site of Zvejnieki on the Burtnieku Ezers (Lake of the Letterers).
Denisova writes that Latvia's most ancient inhabitants were large in size, had large oblong skulls, broad high faces and protruding noses. Similar Mesolithic populations were found 8130 - 8000 BC in the Middle Dnieper River and later also in Scandinavia. During the following Neolithic period, similar anthropological types populated the Upper Volga, the Upper Oka, and were found in the Dnieper / Donetz culture of the Ukraine. Denisova writes that "The morphological type described here is quite unique and is easily distinguished from any other type.... but in Latvia, this complex of anthropological characteristics remained characteristic in other times, too." To put it differently, this particular type appeared to be at home in the Baltic and also remained there over time. Anthropologically similar peoples also inhabited Normandy and the Middle European lowlands in the Mesolithic period. Denisova writes: "The most ancient similar morphological form was prevalent among inhabitants of France's Madlein [Magdalenian] culture." So, the Latvians appear to be the descendants of the cave painters of Lascaux and of the hunters of the German Ahrensburgian Culture (near Hamburg).
Ilze Loze has an article online about the ancient Balts which further points to the very strong Baltic connection to the Middle Dnieper rapids region in the Mesolithic Period. She writes: "The fact that the center of Neolithization moved to the Dnieper rapids region means that we must devote far more attention to the Dnieper river than has been done until now. The fact that regions of the Middle Dnieper and the Upper Dnieper were subjected to processes of Indo-europeanization has been discussed in the literature extensively, but the question remains whether the process perhaps did not occur only by way of central Europe, instead coming directly up the Dnieper river." In other words, the direction of cultural migration may be north to south and not vice-versa.]
Prussian Reconstructions
http://donelaitis.vdu.lt/prussian/reconstructions.htm
http://snipurl.com/7udd
Sudovians (Yatvingians = Latvians through L//Y shift)
http://www.suduva.com/virdainas/
... [links not accessible]
Proto-Baltic Dictionary
http://snipurl.com/7r2p
http://www.mun.ca/research/rmatters/june_96/baltic.htm
The Relation of the Finns and Ests to Baltic
http://www.sgr.fi/ct/ct51.html
in Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura
by Riho Grünthal
Livvistä liiviin. Itämerensuomalaiset etnonyymit
Abstract: THE FINNIC ETHNONYMS
A very nice discussion but lacking in accuracy due in part to reliance upon ignorant mainstream linguistic sources. I will have more to post on this article in the near future since it goes into the origin of the name, e.g. of the Finns and the Ests and we will show that there are better explanations than those presented there.
Baltic Languages as the closest living languages to Proto-Indo-European:
http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/society/A0805961.html
http://snipurl.com/7uda
"The Baltic languages are said to be the closest of the living Indo-European languages to Proto-Indo-European - the original parent of all the Indo-European tongues - both phonologically and grammatically."citing to T. F. Magner and W. R. Schmalstieg, ed., Baltic Linguistics (1970) and The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2004, Columbia University Press.
Indo-Europeans in the Eastern Baltic
[The text now in brackets here is new material added in the year 2010 because the original links to the works of Ilze Loze and Raisa Denisova are no longer accessible:
According to the The History of the Baltic Countries, by Zigmantas Kiaup, Ain Mäesalu, Ago Pajur, and Gvido Straube, published in 1999 by Avita in Estonia as a European Union funded project (hereafter "HOBC")]:
The first settlers to present-day Latvia appeared in the aftermath of the receding Ice Age in the 9th millennium BCE (Paleolithic viz. Early Stone Age). One group came from the west. These were the bearers of the Madalen-Ahrensburgian Culture (e.g. this culture includes the cave painters of Lascaux). The other group came from the south. These were the bearers of the Swidrian Culture
They write that: "The first settlers in the Baltic are believed to have been the representatives of the two related Paleolithic Central European cultures, Ahrensburgian and Swidrian". (HOBC, p.17) At the time of the receding glaciers, inhabitants to the Baltic arrived from two different directions - from the West (The Magdalenian / Ahrensburgian Culture = the cave painters of Altamira, Lascaux, etc.) and from the South (The Swidrian culture). (HOBC, p.14)
The arrival of the Magdalenian culture in the Baltic coincided with the end of that culture in Western Europe. Perhaps there is a reason that French tu es "you are" is the same as Latvian tu esi "you are". There is then a significant dispute in the literature about whether these first Baltic inhabitants are then "original" at this time to the Indo-European pantheon or whether the Indo-Europeans arrived later.
The HOBC writes further that "Mesolithic graves [Middle Stone Age, 9th millennium] have yielded the remains of what is called the European race.... [so also at Zvejnieki]" (HOBC, p. 20) Except for earlier dated finds [11th - 9th millennium BC] of reindeer hunters in Lithuania and Latvia [none in Estonia], the largest Stone Age "communities" of 20-40 people in the Baltic are found "on the plain of Lubana in eastern Latvia ... [where] more than 25 Stone Age settlements have been discovered." (HOBC, p. 15)
Raisa Denisova in her online article The Most Ancient Population of Latvia discusses the whole North and Central European region in prehistoric times. It is interesting to see from this article that the most ancient human skulls found thus far in the Baltic are dated to 6300 BC and have also been found only in Latvia - not in Lithuania - in spite of erroneous contrary interpretations about ancient Baltic population centers by the uninformed mainstream linguists. These finds were made at the site of Zvejnieki on the Burtnieku Ezers (Lake of the Letterers).
Denisova writes that Latvia's most ancient inhabitants were large in size, had large oblong skulls, broad high faces and protruding noses. Similar Mesolithic populations were found 8130 - 8000 BC in the Middle Dnieper River and later also in Scandinavia. During the following Neolithic period, similar anthropological types populated the Upper Volga, the Upper Oka, and were found in the Dnieper / Donetz culture of the Ukraine. Denisova writes that "The morphological type described here is quite unique and is easily distinguished from any other type.... but in Latvia, this complex of anthropological characteristics remained characteristic in other times, too." To put it differently, this particular type appeared to be at home in the Baltic and also remained there over time. Anthropologically similar peoples also inhabited Normandy and the Middle European lowlands in the Mesolithic period. Denisova writes: "The most ancient similar morphological form was prevalent among inhabitants of France's Madlein [Magdalenian] culture." So, the Latvians appear to be the descendants of the cave painters of Lascaux and of the hunters of the German Ahrensburgian Culture (near Hamburg).
Ilze Loze has an article online about the ancient Balts which further points to the very strong Baltic connection to the Middle Dnieper rapids region in the Mesolithic Period. She writes: "The fact that the center of Neolithization moved to the Dnieper rapids region means that we must devote far more attention to the Dnieper river than has been done until now. The fact that regions of the Middle Dnieper and the Upper Dnieper were subjected to processes of Indo-europeanization has been discussed in the literature extensively, but the question remains whether the process perhaps did not occur only by way of central Europe, instead coming directly up the Dnieper river." In other words, the direction of cultural migration may be north to south and not vice-versa.]
Prussian Reconstructions
http://donelaitis.vdu.lt/prussian/reconstructions.htm
http://snipurl.com/7udd
Sudovians (Yatvingians = Latvians through L//Y shift)
http://www.suduva.com/virdainas/
... [links not accessible]
Proto-Baltic Dictionary
http://snipurl.com/7r2p
http://www.mun.ca/research/rmatters/june_96/baltic.htm
The Relation of the Finns and Ests to Baltic
http://www.sgr.fi/ct/ct51.html
in Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura
by Riho Grünthal
Livvistä liiviin. Itämerensuomalaiset etnonyymit
Abstract: THE FINNIC ETHNONYMS
A very nice discussion but lacking in accuracy due in part to reliance upon ignorant mainstream linguistic sources. I will have more to post on this article in the near future since it goes into the origin of the name, e.g. of the Finns and the Ests and we will show that there are better explanations than those presented there.
Paleolithic Art at Creswell Crags Caves - LexiLine Journal 294
Via Explorator at http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Explorator/
we are directed to the following website links:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/nottinghamshire/3890113.stm
http://snipurl.com/7ucj
http://www.guardian.co.uk/arts/news/story/0,11711,1260838,00.html
http://snipurl.com/7uck
These links report the recent sensational finds of Paleolithic cave art being made at Creswell Crags in Nottinghamshire, England.
Note that Creswell Crags is a site that I first documented as being of interest for megalithic astronomy before any of this cave art was discovered: See pp. 153-154 of Stars Stones and Scholars http://www.starsstonesscholars.com/
The archaeologists date the cave art to ca. 13,000 years ago (I am sceptical of this date thinking the figures not to be so old) - but in any case it was allegedly long before the megalithic system of
carved megaliths and rock drawings came into existence. Creswell Crags shows clearly - that already at this distant date - the ancients carved figures in relief in rock - which is one of the main cornerstones of my theories. If they already had this ability in ca. 11000 BC then they surely would have had this ability - and more - 8000 years later.
Of course, the majority of the rock art is carved on the ceiling of the cave in question, and was so carved because it represented the stars of the heavens - something which the mainstream archaeologists are still apparently not smart enough to recognize.
Another error that the archaeologists continue to make is to look at figures carved ON a rock but not to pay sufficient attention to the form of the underlying rock itself, which is often ALSO carved into one or more figures and predates the more modern drawings (the rock often does not naturally have this shape, as the archaeologists allege, rather, the underlying shape of the rock is ALSO carved). For example, the stag is carved on rock which in even older times was
carved in the shape of a horse. LOOK carefully at the photos in the sources.
What is being observed at Creswell Crags completely supports my findings on ancient megalithic art.
You can be sure that I am right on these historical questions because new discoveries by others almost always mesh with my theories rather than negating them. - Andis
we are directed to the following website links:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/nottinghamshire/3890113.stm
http://snipurl.com/7ucj
http://www.guardian.co.uk/arts/news/story/0,11711,1260838,00.html
http://snipurl.com/7uck
These links report the recent sensational finds of Paleolithic cave art being made at Creswell Crags in Nottinghamshire, England.
Note that Creswell Crags is a site that I first documented as being of interest for megalithic astronomy before any of this cave art was discovered: See pp. 153-154 of Stars Stones and Scholars http://www.starsstonesscholars.com/
The archaeologists date the cave art to ca. 13,000 years ago (I am sceptical of this date thinking the figures not to be so old) - but in any case it was allegedly long before the megalithic system of
carved megaliths and rock drawings came into existence. Creswell Crags shows clearly - that already at this distant date - the ancients carved figures in relief in rock - which is one of the main cornerstones of my theories. If they already had this ability in ca. 11000 BC then they surely would have had this ability - and more - 8000 years later.
Of course, the majority of the rock art is carved on the ceiling of the cave in question, and was so carved because it represented the stars of the heavens - something which the mainstream archaeologists are still apparently not smart enough to recognize.
Another error that the archaeologists continue to make is to look at figures carved ON a rock but not to pay sufficient attention to the form of the underlying rock itself, which is often ALSO carved into one or more figures and predates the more modern drawings (the rock often does not naturally have this shape, as the archaeologists allege, rather, the underlying shape of the rock is ALSO carved). For example, the stag is carved on rock which in even older times was
carved in the shape of a horse. LOOK carefully at the photos in the sources.
What is being observed at Creswell Crags completely supports my findings on ancient megalithic art.
You can be sure that I am right on these historical questions because new discoveries by others almost always mesh with my theories rather than negating them. - Andis
Tuesday, July 13, 2004
A Bibliography of Sacred Astronomy - LexiLine Journal 293
We have a member who writes that he is a student of Ulansey, Rolleston, Seiss and Bullinger.
I looked up these authors and find particularly Ulansey and Rolleston to be of great interest. Below are links to all four authors plus one link to a large bibliography on sacred astronomy:
David Ulansey
The Origins of the Mithraic Mysteries
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0195067886/
http://www.well.com/user/davidu/mithras.html
http://www.well.com/user/davidu/index.html
Frances Rolleston
Mazzaroth or, The Constellations
http://philologos.org/__eb-mazzaroth/
Joseph Augustus Seiss
The Gospel in the Stars, 1972 Reprint of the 1882
Edition, Kregel Publications, P.O. Box 2607, Grand Rapids, MI 49501,
USA.
http://www.ageslibrary.com/seiss_apoc.html
E.W. Bullinger
The Witness of the Stars
http://philologos.org/__eb-tws/default.htm
An excellent bibliography of "Sacred Astronomy - Gospel in the Stars"
is found at
http://www.pillar-of-enoch.com/biblio.html
As one can see from these sources, the idea that much of ancient culture and civilization was oriented to astronomy is not an idea limited to the present author alone. Rather, other researchers over the years have been picking away at this subject, pointing out the unmistakeable origin of much of our myth, legand, religion and yes - even many essential aspects of human history, such as technology - in the observation of the stars.
I looked up these authors and find particularly Ulansey and Rolleston to be of great interest. Below are links to all four authors plus one link to a large bibliography on sacred astronomy:
David Ulansey
The Origins of the Mithraic Mysteries
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0195067886/
http://www.well.com/user/davidu/mithras.html
http://www.well.com/user/davidu/index.html
Frances Rolleston
Mazzaroth or, The Constellations
http://philologos.org/__eb-mazzaroth/
Joseph Augustus Seiss
The Gospel in the Stars, 1972 Reprint of the 1882
Edition, Kregel Publications, P.O. Box 2607, Grand Rapids, MI 49501,
USA.
http://www.ageslibrary.com/seiss_apoc.html
E.W. Bullinger
The Witness of the Stars
http://philologos.org/__eb-tws/default.htm
An excellent bibliography of "Sacred Astronomy - Gospel in the Stars"
is found at
http://www.pillar-of-enoch.com/biblio.html
As one can see from these sources, the idea that much of ancient culture and civilization was oriented to astronomy is not an idea limited to the present author alone. Rather, other researchers over the years have been picking away at this subject, pointing out the unmistakeable origin of much of our myth, legand, religion and yes - even many essential aspects of human history, such as technology - in the observation of the stars.
Monday, July 12, 2004
Re: 40 LexiLine Newsletter How Old are the Baltic Languages? - Latvian Dictionaries - Latvian-German - Mīlenbahs - Endzelins - LexiLine Journal 292
Bob Sand has asked me some questions about Latvian dictionaries, indicating that he had gone to his library but had been unable to find one. I thank him for this question because it has given me the opportunity to do research and find new sources.
THE MAIN HISTORICAL LATVIAN-GERMAN DICTIONARY
Although numerous Latvian dictionaries are available at online bookstores and in large public libraries, the main historical dictionary - by far - for any study of Latvian is the four-volume
Latvian-German Historical Dictionary (Lettisch-deutsches
Wörterbuch) by Karlis (Karl) Mühlenbach and Janis (John) Endzelins
(cited as
Mühlenbachs-Endzelins, Mühlenbach-Endzelins, Muhlenbach-Endzelin, Muehlenbachs-Endzelins, Mülenbahs-Endzelins), Riga, 1923-1932, I-IV including supplementary volumes published later (Riga, 1933-1939) by Endzelins after Muehlenbach's passage.
ELECTRONIC ONLINE VERSION IN PREPARATION
An electronic online version of the above dictionary is being prepared. See
http://www.ailab.lv/mev and
http://www.ailab.lv/users/Everita/Everita_main.htm
according to which circa 75000 headwords (main entries) were included.
LIBRARY AVAILABILITY OF THE DICTIONARY
The dictionary is available e.g. at the Latvian National Library at http://snipurl.com/82me viz.
http://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&q=M%C3%BChlenbach
as
Mīlenbahs Kārlis. Latviešu valodas vārdnīca = Lettisch-deutsches Wörterbuch : 4 sej. / Kārlis Mīlenbahs; red., papild. un nobeidzis Jānis Endzelīns. - Rīga, 1923-1932.
See http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B0000BLSTM/ and
http://snipurl.com/82m7
http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/search-handle-url/index=books-de&field-keywords=m%FChlenbachs/ref=xs_ap_sai1_xgl/028-3063530-
5000565 (either copy this link which will not wrap in Yahoo or use
the "snip" (short-form) url for the same URL)
The Library of Congress has the four main volumes at
http://lccn.loc.gov/sv 92050110 catalogued as
Mülenbachs, Karlis. Latviešu valodas vardnica. Lettisch-deutsches Wörterbuch
and the supplementary volumes at http://lccn.loc.gov/25020477 catalogued as
http://snipurl.com/82n8
http://opac.dbf.ddb.de:30080/CHARSET=ISO-8859-1/DB=ext/IMPLAND=Y/LNG=DU/MAT=9001%2505BTKOSEVCZ%2505%2506/SID=df1f926c-0/SRT=YOP/CMD?ACT=SRCHA&IKT=8500&TRM=lettisch-deutsches+W%F6rterbuch
and
http://snipurl.com/82n9
http://opac.dbf.ddb.de:30080/DB=ext/SET=1/TTL=1/CMD?ACT=SRCHA&IKT=8500&TRM=Endzelin
ONE COPY of the DICTIONARY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF KIEL
There is a copy of this dictionary at the University of Kiel Library in Germany and I have used that version for much of my work over the past 30 years. See
http://www.uni-kiel.de/ub/Faecher/systematik/rotuli.html
click on Slavistik, then on Baltistik, then on Lettische Philologie (at number 820) and then on Allgemeines (at number.350) This is a typical needle in the haystack system for indexing -
typical for libraries.
Here are relevant Kiel University Library entries - although the books are available ONLY in the central reading room and can not be borrowed. I personally photocopied all volumes for my own use some 30 years ago but these copies were sadly destroyed a few years ago during moving.
- K. Muelenbacha Latviesu valodas Vardnica
- Standort: Zentralbibliothek
- Signatur: R 132
- Katalognummer(n): sla 820.350 / Lettisch / Wortschatz
siehe auch: sla 820 / Lettisch
How often do you find this dictionary used and cited in mainstream linguistic work online? very seldom. The mainstream linguists talk endlessly about Indo-European as if they had a clue, yet Pokorny's alleged Indo-European Etymological Dictionary has only three citations (that I have been able to find) to this main historical Latvian dictionary - see http://www.indoeuropean.nl/
INCOMPETENCE IN MAINSTREAM LINGUISTICS
due to ignorance of LATVIAN LEXICOLOGY
To put it bluntly, the work of the linguists on Latvian lexicology with regard to the reconstruction of Indo-European is next to worthless because most linguists simply have NOT used the main sources at hand. They ignore Latvian because they know nothing about
it.
Mainstream linguists cite to Latvian terms sparingly if at all (see for Latvian and Hittite
http://www.lexiline.com/lexiline/lexi16.htm) because they know nearly NOTHING about the lexical components of the language and apparently have no access to the most important source, which is this dictionary. I am afraid that many mainstream linguists are - for Latvian - ignorant incompetents - and this includes most of the LATVIAN linguists themselves, who write endlessly about grammar but know next to nothing about historical lexicology in Latvian.
GERMAN BORROWING OF LATVIAN TERMS
An interesting citation to this dictionary is found at Deutsches Rechtswörterbuch (DRW)
http://www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de/~cd2/drw/a/P06.htm
home page http://www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de/~cd2/drw/
which reads:
LATVIAN INFLUENCE ON GERMAN LANGUAGE IN THE BALTIC
An interesting recent dissertation on the influence of Latvian on German in the Baltic is found at
ZUM EINFLUSS DES LETTISCHEN AUF DAS DEUTSCHE IM BALTIKUM by Ineta Polanska
http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975200968
Polanska cites liberally to Mühlenbach-Endzelins and has the honor of apparently being the only linguist online [at that time] to do so.
Her section on specific German borrowings from Latvian with etymologies - at pages 195 through 321 - is of particular value.
This is a SUPERB work and a rare exception in mainstream linguistics, pointing to the linguistic world of the future in which the great antiquity and historical value of the Baltic languages - especially in lexicology and etymology - will ultimately be recognized, not just for German borrowings in the Baltic, but for Indo-European reconstruction generally.
Enjoy, Andis
THE MAIN HISTORICAL LATVIAN-GERMAN DICTIONARY
Although numerous Latvian dictionaries are available at online bookstores and in large public libraries, the main historical dictionary - by far - for any study of Latvian is the four-volume
Latvian-German Historical Dictionary (Lettisch-deutsches
Wörterbuch) by Karlis (Karl) Mühlenbach and Janis (John) Endzelins
(cited as
Mühlenbachs-Endzelins, Mühlenbach-Endzelins, Muhlenbach-Endzelin, Muehlenbachs-Endzelins, Mülenbahs-Endzelins), Riga, 1923-1932, I-IV including supplementary volumes published later (Riga, 1933-1939) by Endzelins after Muehlenbach's passage.
ELECTRONIC ONLINE VERSION IN PREPARATION
An electronic online version of the above dictionary is being prepared. See
http://www.ailab.lv/mev and
http://www.ailab.lv/users/Everita/Everita_main.htm
according to which circa 75000 headwords (main entries) were included.
LIBRARY AVAILABILITY OF THE DICTIONARY
The dictionary is available e.g. at the Latvian National Library at http://snipurl.com/82me viz.
http://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&q=M%C3%BChlenbach
as
Mīlenbahs Kārlis. Latviešu valodas vārdnīca = Lettisch-deutsches Wörterbuch : 4 sej. / Kārlis Mīlenbahs; red., papild. un nobeidzis Jānis Endzelīns. - Rīga, 1923-1932.
See http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B0000BLSTM/ and
http://snipurl.com/82m7
http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/search-handle-url/index=books-de&field-keywords=m%FChlenbachs/ref=xs_ap_sai1_xgl/028-3063530-
5000565 (either copy this link which will not wrap in Yahoo or use
the "snip" (short-form) url for the same URL)
The Library of Congress has the four main volumes at
http://lccn.loc.gov/sv 92050110 catalogued as
Mülenbachs, Karlis. Latviešu valodas vardnica. Lettisch-deutsches Wörterbuch
and the supplementary volumes at http://lccn.loc.gov/25020477 catalogued as
"LC Control No.: 25020477The German National Library in Frankfurt has the main volumes and supplements as photo reprints at
Type of Material: Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.)
Personal Name: Mṻlenbachs, K. (Kārlis), 1853-1916. » More like this
Main Title: K. Mṻlenbacha Latviešu valodas vārdnīca. Redig̓ējis, papildinājis, turpinājis J. Endzelīns ... Izdevusi Izglītības ministrija ... K. Mühlenbachs Lettisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Redigiert, ergänzt und fortgesetzt von J. Endzelin ... Herausgegeben vom lettischen Bildungsministerium.
Published/Created: Riga, 1923-32.
Related Titles: Latviešu valodas vārdnīca.
K. Mühlenbachs Lettisch-deutsches Wörterbuch.
Lettisch-deutsches Wörterbuch.
Description: 4 v. 28 cm.
Contents: 1. A-I.--II. Ie-Or.--III. Pa-Sv.-IV. Ša-Zv.
Notes: Vols. 2-4: ... Kultūras fonda izdevums ... Herausgegeben vom lettischen Kueturfonds; v. 4: ... Redig̓ējis, papildinājis, nobeidzis J. Endzelīns.
Subjects: Latvian language--Dictionaries--German. » More like this
Endzelīns, Jānis, 1873-1961. » More like this
LC Classification: PG8981 .M8
Language Code: lavger"
http://snipurl.com/82n8
http://opac.dbf.ddb.de:30080/CHARSET=ISO-8859-1/DB=ext/IMPLAND=Y/LNG=DU/MAT=9001%2505BTKOSEVCZ%2505%2506/SID=df1f926c-0/SRT=YOP/CMD?ACT=SRCHA&IKT=8500&TRM=lettisch-deutsches+W%F6rterbuch
and
http://snipurl.com/82n9
http://opac.dbf.ddb.de:30080/DB=ext/SET=1/TTL=1/CMD?ACT=SRCHA&IKT=8500&TRM=Endzelin
ONE COPY of the DICTIONARY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF KIEL
There is a copy of this dictionary at the University of Kiel Library in Germany and I have used that version for much of my work over the past 30 years. See
http://www.uni-kiel.de/ub/Faecher/systematik/rotuli.html
click on Slavistik, then on Baltistik, then on Lettische Philologie (at number 820) and then on Allgemeines (at number.350) This is a typical needle in the haystack system for indexing -
typical for libraries.
Here are relevant Kiel University Library entries - although the books are available ONLY in the central reading room and can not be borrowed. I personally photocopied all volumes for my own use some 30 years ago but these copies were sadly destroyed a few years ago during moving.
- K. Muelenbacha Latviesu valodas Vardnica
- Standort: Zentralbibliothek
- Signatur: R 132
- Katalognummer(n): sla 820.350 / Lettisch / Wortschatz
siehe auch: sla 820 / Lettisch
How often do you find this dictionary used and cited in mainstream linguistic work online? very seldom. The mainstream linguists talk endlessly about Indo-European as if they had a clue, yet Pokorny's alleged Indo-European Etymological Dictionary has only three citations (that I have been able to find) to this main historical Latvian dictionary - see http://www.indoeuropean.nl/
INCOMPETENCE IN MAINSTREAM LINGUISTICS
due to ignorance of LATVIAN LEXICOLOGY
To put it bluntly, the work of the linguists on Latvian lexicology with regard to the reconstruction of Indo-European is next to worthless because most linguists simply have NOT used the main sources at hand. They ignore Latvian because they know nothing about
it.
Mainstream linguists cite to Latvian terms sparingly if at all (see for Latvian and Hittite
http://www.lexiline.com/lexiline/lexi16.htm) because they know nearly NOTHING about the lexical components of the language and apparently have no access to the most important source, which is this dictionary. I am afraid that many mainstream linguists are - for Latvian - ignorant incompetents - and this includes most of the LATVIAN linguists themselves, who write endlessly about grammar but know next to nothing about historical lexicology in Latvian.
GERMAN BORROWING OF LATVIAN TERMS
An interesting citation to this dictionary is found at Deutsches Rechtswörterbuch (DRW)
http://www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de/~cd2/drw/a/P06.htm
home page http://www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de/~cd2/drw/
which reads:
"Pageide [the modern spelling is "pagaide"]For those of you who read no German, this citation is to a word in German which is clearly taken from a Latvian word meaning "wait, provisional, temporary", and relating to agricultural subsidies which were issued in winter and as such marked on wooden sticks. The "wait" or "loan" based on those markings then had to be repaid in the following year.
Wortklasse: Femininum
Erklärung: anberaumter Zahltag.
sprachliche Erläuterung: zum Wort vgl. K. Mühlenbach, Lettisch-deutsches Wörterbuch III (Chicago 1955) 25.
Belegtext: ["kommt in alten rig. landvogteyl. Rechnungen vor, sogar noch in einer von 1578, wahrscheinlich in der Bed. von Wartezeit von lett. pagaidiht warten. Wenn die Stadt Riga in vorigen Zeiten ihre Bauern des Winters mit Korn und Heu unterstützte, so erhielten sie solches von der Landvogtey, wo es auf Kerbstücken bemerkt wurde. Im May des folgenden Jahres hielt der Landvogt die] pageide, [da denn jeder Bauer, welcher einen Vorschuß genommen hatte, sich mit seinem Kerbstock einfinden und das Geld abtragen mußte"]
Datierung: 1578 Fundstelle: Gutzeit,Livl. II 320 [weitere Angaben: urk.?]"
LATVIAN INFLUENCE ON GERMAN LANGUAGE IN THE BALTIC
An interesting recent dissertation on the influence of Latvian on German in the Baltic is found at
ZUM EINFLUSS DES LETTISCHEN AUF DAS DEUTSCHE IM BALTIKUM by Ineta Polanska
http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975200968
Polanska cites liberally to Mühlenbach-Endzelins and has the honor of apparently being the only linguist online [at that time] to do so.
Her section on specific German borrowings from Latvian with etymologies - at pages 195 through 321 - is of particular value.
This is a SUPERB work and a rare exception in mainstream linguistics, pointing to the linguistic world of the future in which the great antiquity and historical value of the Baltic languages - especially in lexicology and etymology - will ultimately be recognized, not just for German borrowings in the Baltic, but for Indo-European reconstruction generally.
Enjoy, Andis
Saturday, July 3, 2004
Re: 40 LexiLine Newsletter How Old are the Baltic Languages? - Academia, Humanity and the Wizard of Oz - LexiLine Journal 291
Regarding the Wizard of Oz, Andreas Szabo <silva@psi5.com> asks:
Andis Kaulins wrote:
> As in the Wizard of Oz, the world seems to operate under the
> principle that you need a "paper" (documents - or paper money - will
> do) attesting to your capabilities - but issued by whom? Without such
> a paper, your thoughts are not worth discussing - that is the modern
> world.
What scene or chapter where?
The film "Wizard of Oz" is based on a book by L. Frank Baum
see http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0060293233/
Take a look at this website about the Wizard of Oz which explains everything regarding brains and diplomas, courage and medals, and good-heartedness and testimonials:
http://www.filmsite.org/wiza5.html
That website contains quotes from the film (1939) - where the Wizard of Oz is performing his three - and only - miracles in the film:
[1. The brainless straw Scarecrow gets a brain - quoting the Wizard of
Oz]
"Why, anybody can have a brain. That's a very mediocre commodity. Every pusillanimous creature that crawls on the Earth or slinks through slimy seas has a brain. Back where I come from, we have universities, seats of great learning, where men go to become great thinkers. And when they come out, they think deep thoughts and with no more brains than you have! But they have one thing you haven't got - a diploma. Therefore, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Universitatus Committeatum E Pluribus Unum, I hereby confer upon you the honorary degree of Th. D...that's Doctor of Thinkology."
[2. The cowardly Lion gets a medal - quoting the Wizard of Oz]
"As for you, my fine friend, you're a victim of disorganized thinking. You are under the unfortunate delusion that simply because you run away from danger you have no courage. You're confusing courage with wisdom. Back where I come from, we have men who are called heroes. Once a year, they take their fortitude out of moth balls and parade it down the main street of the city and they have no more courage than you have. But they have one thing that you haven't got - a medal. Therefore, for meritorious conduct, extraordinary valor, conspicuous bravery against Wicked Witches, I award you the Triple Cross. You are now a member of the Legion of Courage."
[3. The tin man lacks a heart and is given a loudly ticking clock hanging on a golden chain - quoting the Wizard of Oz]
"Back where I come from, there are men who do nothing all day but good deeds. They are called phila-, er, er, philanth-er, yes, er, good-deed doers, and their hearts are no bigger than yours. But they have one thing you haven't got - a testimonial. Therefore, in consideration of your kindness, I take pleasure at this time in presenting you with a small token of our esteem and affection. And remember, my sentimental friend, that a heart is not judged by how much you love, but by how much you are loved by others."
Many educated people think that the Wizard of Oz is for children only.
They do not realize that what children love about the Wizard of Oz is his understanding of much of the adult world, for which the brainless scarecrow, the cowardly lion and the heartless tin man are metaphoric symbols.
Enjoy,
Andis
Andis Kaulins wrote:
> As in the Wizard of Oz, the world seems to operate under the
> principle that you need a "paper" (documents - or paper money - will
> do) attesting to your capabilities - but issued by whom? Without such
> a paper, your thoughts are not worth discussing - that is the modern
> world.
What scene or chapter where?
The film "Wizard of Oz" is based on a book by L. Frank Baum
see http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0060293233/
Take a look at this website about the Wizard of Oz which explains everything regarding brains and diplomas, courage and medals, and good-heartedness and testimonials:
http://www.filmsite.org/wiza5.html
That website contains quotes from the film (1939) - where the Wizard of Oz is performing his three - and only - miracles in the film:
[1. The brainless straw Scarecrow gets a brain - quoting the Wizard of
Oz]
"Why, anybody can have a brain. That's a very mediocre commodity. Every pusillanimous creature that crawls on the Earth or slinks through slimy seas has a brain. Back where I come from, we have universities, seats of great learning, where men go to become great thinkers. And when they come out, they think deep thoughts and with no more brains than you have! But they have one thing you haven't got - a diploma. Therefore, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Universitatus Committeatum E Pluribus Unum, I hereby confer upon you the honorary degree of Th. D...that's Doctor of Thinkology."
[2. The cowardly Lion gets a medal - quoting the Wizard of Oz]
"As for you, my fine friend, you're a victim of disorganized thinking. You are under the unfortunate delusion that simply because you run away from danger you have no courage. You're confusing courage with wisdom. Back where I come from, we have men who are called heroes. Once a year, they take their fortitude out of moth balls and parade it down the main street of the city and they have no more courage than you have. But they have one thing that you haven't got - a medal. Therefore, for meritorious conduct, extraordinary valor, conspicuous bravery against Wicked Witches, I award you the Triple Cross. You are now a member of the Legion of Courage."
[3. The tin man lacks a heart and is given a loudly ticking clock hanging on a golden chain - quoting the Wizard of Oz]
"Back where I come from, there are men who do nothing all day but good deeds. They are called phila-, er, er, philanth-er, yes, er, good-deed doers, and their hearts are no bigger than yours. But they have one thing you haven't got - a testimonial. Therefore, in consideration of your kindness, I take pleasure at this time in presenting you with a small token of our esteem and affection. And remember, my sentimental friend, that a heart is not judged by how much you love, but by how much you are loved by others."
Many educated people think that the Wizard of Oz is for children only.
They do not realize that what children love about the Wizard of Oz is his understanding of much of the adult world, for which the brainless scarecrow, the cowardly lion and the heartless tin man are metaphoric symbols.
Enjoy,
Andis
Friday, July 2, 2004
Re: 40 LexiLine Newsletter How Old are the Baltic Languages? - LexiLine Journal 290
Re: 40 LexiLine Newsletter How Old are the Baltic Languages?
> From Anne Beidler:
> I love your answers, but sometimes I weary of your condescending
> tone. Thanks anyway for all the great work you do.
> Anne
Dear Anne,
I am sorry for the sometimes condescending tone, but it derives from my constantly facing the vast ignorance and stupidity of mainstream scholarship.
To understand my attitudes, one has to have some short knowledge of my background:
1) I could read and write at age 3
2) I skipped the first grade of school because I had already read all the textbooks required in elementary school up to the sixth grade - the teachers often did not know what to do with me - when the other kids wanted to know the answers to homework questions, they came to me - not the other way around
3) Stanford is the toughest college to get into today in America, I went to law school there
4) Upon graduation I was an associate at what I considered to be the best law firm in America, brain by brain, Paul, Weiss, et al. (see
http://www.lawpundit.com/blog/2004/05/diversity-scorecard-and-paul-
weiss.htm)
5) My mentors were, inter alia:
- the late John Kaplan, Prof. of Law, Stanford Law School, a legend
for his brilliance at Harvard who roomed with Derek Bok (later
President of Harvard) - we were good friends until he passed away in
1989 see http://www.andiskaulins.com/selecttops/johnkaplan.htm
- the late Professor Dr. Dr. h.c. Dietrich Andre Loeber of the Kiel Law School whose father was a Supreme Court Justice on the Latvian Supreme Court - we were good friends and stayed in touch until his passing just one week ago
- Peter Haje, Counselor of AOL TIme Warner and former General Counsel and Executive Vice-President of AOL Time Warner, the world's largest communications company
I have been surrounded by brilliant people all of my life and count many as my friends - these are MY peers.
This does not mean I am infallible, but anyone who does not recognize my intellectual capability - as many other brilliant men have - is in my eyes, due to this inability - which is also a function of the level of brainpower available - of lesser rank. With respect to these persons, I am, yes, "a snob".
So what I am I to say about what I face in academica today on the subjects that I write about. My question truly is - who are these people? What is the actual extent of their knowledge and their abilities? How much do they really know? And how much of what they write in their journals is just repetition from their mentors?
Who are the people in academia out there who feel competent to judge my work and ideas? What special competence do they bring to the subjects that I study? What analytical powers mark their work, if any?
I find that many quite normal students have "lernt their lessons well" (i.e. they have learned to regurgitate that which they have been taught in their schooling, without ever thinking for themselves) and I find further that many of these persons - being blessed of no particular abilities or talents - have then struggled up the career ladder and have somehow, somewhere managed to obtain a professorship at some institution (or have inherited their father's business) and now think that these achievements have given them an intellect which they previously never had when they were younger. [I should add that I have friends who have inherited their father's business who are BRILLIANT besides. The one does not exclude the other.]
The same people who were once no match for me in school now suddenly think that their acquired positions have made them smarter. I am now to come to THEM for the answers. Hah! It is a joke, nothing more.
As in the Wizard of Oz, the world seems to operate under the principle that you need a "paper" (documents - or paper money - will do) attesting to your capabilities - but issued by whom? Without such a paper, your thoughts are not worth discussing - that is the modern world.
It is not the case that anyone in academia has ever proven the fundamentals of what I write to be wrong - rather, they think that what they are doing is "right" and that any contrary theory must necessarily be bunk by consequence. That is an attitude of mainstream scholarship which I equate with ignorance and stupidity of the first rank. How can I refrain from being condescending to a group of people whom I simply regard to be intellectually inferior?
A brain of equal intellect you see would look at the IDEAS and discuss the EVIDENCE for or against any theory. WHO you were and WHAT POSITION you had would play no role, since these matters are irrelevant to the truth of any matter in question. But that is not the way the world works. Rather, "authority" is the name of the game. People look to "titles", "academic standing", "connections", etc.
But, in spite of that, a higher intelligence never bows to a weaker one and so much of what I write appears condescending because I simply do not acknowledge the intellect of most of my detractors. They simply do not have the brainpower necessary to judge my work.
Enjoy,
Andis
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